英语学习中，精准掌握固定搭配是至关重要的。许多介词，例如“against”，拥有丰富的固定搭配，理解并灵活运用这些搭配能显著提升语言表达的准确性和地道性。本文将深入探讨“against”相关的固定搭配短语，并结合实际语境，帮助读者更好地掌握这些实用表达。

一、表示“反对、违反”含义的搭配

Against the law/rules/regulations：这意味着某件事或行为与法律、规则或规章相悖，是违法或违规的。例如：

"Parking here is against the law." (在这里停车是违法的。)

"Cheating on the exam is against the rules." (考试作弊是违反规定的。)

"Discrimination is against regulations." (歧视行为是违反规章制度的。)

Against someone's wishes/will：表示某事违背了个人的意愿或意志。这种搭配通常暗示某种程度的强制或不情愿。例如：

"He was forced to marry her against his will." (他被迫违背自己的意愿娶了她。)

"She acted against her mother's wishes." (她违背了她母亲的意愿行事。)

Vote against：是指在投票中投反对票。这是政治和选举语境中常见的表达。例如：

"I will vote against the proposal." (我将投票反对这项提议。)

"The majority voted against the new law." (大多数人投票反对这项新法律。)

Rebel against：表示反抗或反对某种权威、制度或社会规范。这种搭配带有更强烈的对抗意味。例如：

"Teenagers often rebel against their parents." (青少年经常反抗他们的父母。)

"The citizens rebelled against the corrupt government." (公民们反抗腐败的政府。)

二、表示“依靠、对比”含义的搭配

Lean against：表示倚靠在某物之上。这种搭配描述了一种依靠或支撑的状态。例如：

"He leaned against the wall, exhausted." (他筋疲力尽地靠在墙上。)

"She leaned against the tree to rest." (她靠在树上休息。)

Hold against：表示对某人怀恨在心，或因某事而责怪某人。这种搭配带有负面情绪。例如：

"I don't hold it against you." (我不因此责怪你。)

"She held against him his past mistakes." (她因为他过去的错误而对他怀恨在心。)

Compare against：表示将某事物与另一事物进行比较，以评估其差异或相似之处。例如：

"The results were compared against previous studies." (这些结果与之前的研究进行了比较。)

"The candidate's policies were compared against his opponent's." (这位候选人的政策与他的对手的政策进行了比较。)

三、表示“预防、保护”含义的搭配

Guard against：表示防范或保护免受某种威胁或危险。这种搭配强调预防的重要性。例如：

"We must guard against complacency." (我们必须防止自满情绪。)

"The vaccine will guard against the virus." (这种疫苗将预防病毒。)

Insure against：表示投保以防止某种风险或损失。这种搭配通常用于商业或金融语境。例如：

"You should insure against fire and theft." (你应该投保以防失火和盗窃。)

"The company is insured against liability." (该公司已投保责任险。)

四、其他常用搭配

Fight against：表示与某事物作斗争，通常指与不公正或有害的事物作斗争。例如：

"We must fight against poverty." (我们必须与贫困作斗争。)

"She is fighting against cancer." (她正在与癌症作斗争。)

Race against (time)：表示与时间赛跑，意味着在时间限制内努力完成某事。例如：

"We are racing against time to finish the project." (我们正在与时间赛跑，以完成这个项目。)

"The doctors were racing against time to save the patient's life." (医生们正在与时间赛跑，以挽救病人的生命。)

Set against：将某物衬托在另一物之上，形成对比或强调。也可以指使某人与某人对立。例如：

"The dark clouds were set against the bright blue sky." (乌云衬托着蔚蓝的天空。)

"He tried to set the brothers against each other." （他试图使兄弟俩互相敌对。）

掌握这些包含"against"的固定搭配短语，需要理解其具体的语境含义，并在实际运用中不断练习。通过阅读、写作和口语练习，才能真正将这些搭配融入自己的语言体系中，从而提升英语表达的流利度和准确性。理解这些固定搭配不仅能帮助你在考试中取得好成绩，更能让你在实际交流中更加自信和地道。